In patients with sleep apnea, what is a common complication if left unmanaged?

In patients with sleep apnea, one of the significant complications that can arise if the condition remains unmanaged is an increased risk of coronary heart disease. Sleep apnea is characterized by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep, which can lead to oxygen deprivation and increased stress on the cardiovascular system. Over time, this contributes to the development of various cardiovascular problems, including hypertension, irregular heartbeats, and ultimately, increased risk of heart attacks and strokes.

The link between sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease is well established in medical literature. The repeated episodes of low oxygen levels, combined with fragmented sleep, contribute to systemic inflammation and sympathetic nervous system activation, both of which are risk factors for coronary artery disease. This is why effective management of sleep apnea, often through continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy or lifestyle changes, is crucial for reducing the risks associated with cardiovascular diseases.